Monday, May 6, 2019

Bursting the ‘Two Inches Right, Three Inches Left’ Display Specification During the Boom Days




(a work by Felix Gonzalez-Torres)


“Make your work as complicated as possible,” said a comparatively senior woman artist to an up and coming artist. The inflow of money unexpectedly in those days had given him this permanent expression of confusion on his face. Not hiding the puzzlement he asked politely why it had to be so. “Be specific about your work and its display,” she continued, “so they will invite you to the venue of exhibition for installing your work and you know what that means! That means you can travel with your works.” He gazed at her face unbelievingly. “Don’t look at me like that,” she told him. “What I say is truth and that’s how travel all over the world.” He thought about it. Yes, she did travel to various art destinations with her works. Though none knew about her works, everybody knew that she was travelling. And if you travelled in those days, you were thought to be a great artist.

You don’t be puzzled like the young artist in our story. I mean by ‘those days’ the days of our art market boom. Sky was the limit for the artists. Someone in some small town in India once got enough recognition for him and his works decided to make a building with iron pieces welded together. He was lucky enough to push it out of the fabricator’s facilities. There were many in those days of market collapse who couldn’t take their works out of the fabricators’ premises. One day, it would be interesting to think about curating a show of such works that still remain in crates at the factories either with no takers or in dispute with the fabricator himself. Yes, those days were such wonderful days when the Indian artists could travel all over the world. The openings of the exhibitions were star studded affairs where not only wine and cheese flowed but there flew kisses and hugs thick and fast. But everyone was not so lucky to have travelled the world. Their works were simple, as in paintings, sculptures, affordable installations, video art and so on. Nobody had serious thought about it body performances in those days. One good thing about performance art is that you have to travel to perform it anywhere in the world. But all the performance artists are not invited everywhere. You need to make a name for yourself not only with your performance but with your ability to exotic-ize it, speak of it in obscure terms often mixed with spiritual jargon and express yourself in good English. If you don’t have any such thing with you, try and get a foreign girl friend or boyfriend. But as you know, all of you are not that lucky in that department.


(artist Felix Gonzalez-Torres)

Forget it. Let’s focus on the conversation between the mid-career globe-trotting female artist and the novice who had just found some success, some money and a lot of ambition. What she told him on that day says a lot about the attitude of the artists who made themselves precious. It was quite understandable that your works travelled and you couldn’t because your works were too easy to be handled. Handling in art means, the work-boys in the galleries who generally assist the curators should find it easy to fix it on the wall or on the floor as per the demand and design of the curators. And curators in turn are often instructed by the artists themselves though emails, chats or over phone calls. Sometimes they exchange the design through photographs or diagrams. Today, with the advanced communication technologies, one could make a real time video chat with the artist sitting elsewhere in her studio. But travelling makes a lot of difference. Travelling on the one hand helps the artists get a good exposure to the world, the art scene elsewhere, visit museums, make friends and create networks. Networking is one important thing to be successful in the art scene in any part of the world.

However, it is not necessary for any artist to be invited to the gallery only because his/her work is in a group show or part of a curatorial project. If the gallery is out of the country it becomes rather difficult. But the boom days where the days when money lost its real value; it became a part of the show off. Given a chance the artists all over the world would have lit their cigarettes with burning dollars or pounds. But as Indians always had this auto-moneychanger built into their brains they wouldn’t have done such thing. A dollar in Indian rupees counts a lot. They in fact had not seen such things in their lives. So it became a norm most of the times for the galleries to invite a flock of artists to be a part of the vernissage or to be humble, the opening ceremony. See, one had to be in that elite lot to get invited. Being an artist not always was a passport to travelling. But then some clever people like the lady whom we met at the beginning devised a way that it became imperative for the curators to get the artist in situ to complete the display. It may be a question of a thread running across frame. It could be forty five degrees or forty seven degrees. But what about a degree that only the artist could figure out? Then the artist has to be there in the gallery during the display. This curatorial pressure was not really minded by the cash rich galleries then. They invited the artists without much ado. Once you travelled you could not only put your work in forty six point three three degrees but also could travel to the museums and do a lot of networking.


(work by Felix Gonzalez-Torres)

I am extremely clear about this thing happening in those days not just because I was a part of the traveling contingent of the artists and experts or simply being a cheer leader depending on from what side you would like to have seen your own place in the traveling group but also because I had faced it first hand in one of the shows curated by me in a Delhi gallery. I wouldn’t reveal the name of the artist. The artist had sent a diagram. A few threads had to run across a frame which would create some shadows falling on the main body of the work or rather some part of the work. In those good old days, to pre-empt the artists vagaries, arrogance and at times stupidity, the gallerists had created a particular post called ‘exhibition designers’. Anyone with some knowledge about design, electricity, projection, electronics and basic arrogance to shout at anybody or get the works done, could have become an exhibition designer. Hardly Indians became exhibition designers. Often jobless mechanics, engineers and ex-museum hands used to be flown in from Europe. It was exactly like having white girls at a farm house reception for a billionaire’s marriage party, which would boost up your status several notches (even you could read it as the Empire strikes back). They simply would stand there at the gate and say ‘na-ma-ste’ and put vermillion marks on the guests’ foreheads. That’s all. Imported exhibition designers did not do anything more than this.

In my exhibition, fairly funded, I did not look for a foreign hand as exhibition designer. We got an Indian lady to do the needful. She would say that this couldn’t be exhibited here or that had to be thrown out etc. But eventually she would place it where exactly I had suggested. Then we came to the complicated work sent by the artist from Mumbai. We followed the design to the T. Once the exhibition designer herself was satisfied, the funder took a photograph and sent to the artist. The artist gave a green signal. She was even offered a ticket to fly into do a double check. She did not come either for the display or for the opening ceremony. But she did visit the show on the third day or so with some foreign friends. Then I got a call from my gallerist friend saying that the artist was screaming at him and in the absence of the curator, was remembering his parents and their lineage etc. Her complaint was that the threads were not in the right place! She wanted to be out of the show. She wanted the label to be removed and the gallerist made it clear that she was no longer a part of the show. He consulted with me and as I excelled in defiance asked the gallerist to remove the label and declare her to be out of the whole thing, and he did it promptly. Eventually the whole thing had snowballed into an ugly fight where the important gallerists were pitted against the curator.


(work by Felix Gonzalez-Torres)

Artists did a lot of mean things in those good old days just to travel and put the other artists many leagues behind in snobbishness. I remembered this when I was reading a conversation between the conceptual artist Felix Gonzalez-Torres and Hans Ulrich Obrist. Let me quote them to give a clear picture and how the intelligent artists approach this issue of ‘one inch left and two inches right’ business of the conceptual artists:

Hans Ulrich Obrist: So it is very different from most conceptual or minimal art where there are certificates that are used as control tools.

Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Yes, I don’t have that phobia of the two inches. You know: ‘If a work is two inches to the left, you have to destroy the work!’ No, that is just that big thing from the 1960s; they were constipated. I always say, ‘Honey, take a bow and relax, no big deal, two inches, three inches.’ But it is funny because when I send this stuff to museums, art handlers and historians have a hard time deciding what to do with them. They keep faxing us back saying, ‘What do we do with this thing?’ and we keep faxing them back saying, ‘Whatever you want!’ and they just don’t believe it. They say, ‘This cannot be true!’

HUO: They would rather refuse the liberty that you offer to them?

FG-T: Right- they want the traditional conceptual instruction saying ‘five inches to the left, six inches to the right and then two-two feet down,’ and I say, ‘No, you do whatever you want. You are responsible for the construction of the piece. IIN the same way, I tell the viewer, ‘You are responsible for the final meaning…”

Our artists were not like Felix Gonzalez-Torres in the boom days. They are still not like that. Only difference between then and now is that now nobody is inviting them to in the gallery/museum during the installation of the works.

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